Creatine monohydrate is a popular and well-researched supplement known for enhancing strength, power, and muscle endurance. When used as part of a pre-workout regimen, creatine helps increase phosphocreatine levels in muscles, aiding in the rapid production of ATP, the primary energy currency of cells. This results in improved exercise performance, increased work capacity, and quicker muscle recovery during intense workouts.

Citrulline is an amino acid that plays a key role in the production of nitric oxide, a vasodilator that promotes blood flow. When included in a pre-workout supplement, citrulline enhances circulation, leading to improved oxygen and nutrient delivery to muscles. This increased blood flow will contribute to better endurance, reduced fatigue, and enhanced exercise performance by facilitating more efficient nutrient transport and waste removal.

Beetroot powder is rich in nitrates, which the body can convert into nitric oxide, a vasodilator that widens blood vessels. Consuming beetroot powder as part of a pre-workout routine enhances blood flow, improves oxygen delivery to muscles, and increases exercise performance. The nitric oxide boost from beetroot powder is associated with better endurance, reduced oxygen consumption, and potentially improved overall cardiovascular health.

Beta-alanine is an amino acid that combines with histidine to form carnosine, a compound that helps buffer acid in muscles, particularly during high-intensity exercise. Including beta-alanine in a pre-workout regimen increases muscle carnosine levels, leading to improved endurance and reduced muscle fatigue. This buffering capacity allows individuals to sustain higher levels of effort during intense workouts, delaying the onset of muscle fatigue and supporting overall exercise performance.

Betaine, derived from beets, is a compound that enhances exercise performance when used as a pre-workout supplement. It has been associated with improved strength, power, and endurance. Betaine may also support muscle protein synthesis and reduce fatigue, contributing to overall better workout performance and recovery.

Agmatine sulfate, a derivative of the amino acid arginine, helps enhance nitric oxide production, leading to increased blood flow and improved nutrient delivery to muscles. Agmatine sulfate supplementation can result in improved pumps, vascularity, and overall exercise performance during resistance training.

A blend of caffeine anhydrous, caffeine citrate, and di-caffeine malate provides a synergistic effect, offering both rapid and sustained energy. Caffeine anhydrous acts quickly to provide an initial energy boost, while caffeine citrate offers a more sustained release. Di-caffeine malate combines caffeine with malic acid, potentially reducing the likelihood of digestive discomfort. This combination can result in a well-rounded and extended energy surge, enhancing focus, alertness, and endurance during a workout.

Alpha-GPC (L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine) is a choline-containing compound that offers cognitive and neuromuscular benefits in a pre-workout context. It enhances acetylcholine levels in the brain, improving focus, mental clarity, and mind-muscle connection during exercise.

Huperzine A is a compound derived from a Chinese club moss plant, and it is often included in pre-workout supplements for its cognitive-enhancing effects. As an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, huperzine A increases levels of acetylcholine in the brain, improving focus, concentration, and mind-muscle connection during workouts.

Kanna, scientifically known as Sceletium tortuosum, is a succulent plant native to South Africa with a history of traditional use among indigenous communities. The plant contains active alkaloids, including mesembrine and mesembrenone, which are believed to contribute to its effects. Users commonly report mood enhancement, stress reduction, and a sense of relaxation when consuming kanna. Its potential interaction with serotonin receptors suggests an anxiolytic effect, making it a subject of interest for those seeking natural remedies for mood-related concerns. Some individuals also note improved cognitive function, including enhanced focus.